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                <blockquote>
<p>没错，就是那个被经常写博客案例爬取的对象，网站很好爬，但要全部爬取下来自己还是走了不少弯路，踩了一些坑，最后在慢慢的全部爬取中。感觉全部爬取下来很有价值，存到自己的nextcloud，打包压缩归档到百度网盘中。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="一、网站分析"><a href="#一、网站分析" class="headerlink" title="一、网站分析"></a>一、网站分析</h2><h4 id="1-电子书案例代码"><a href="#1-电子书案例代码" class="headerlink" title="1.电子书案例代码"></a>1.电子书案例代码</h4><blockquote>
<p>这个虽然也不能跑，但是我来实战一下，这个好爬</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlretrieve
dowmload_links = []
path = 'C://Users/LP/Desktop/photo/'
url = 'http://www.mzitu.com/'
res = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
imgs = soup.select('li &gt; a &gt; img')
for img in imgs:
    print(img.get('data-original'))
    dowmload_links.append(img.get('data-original'))
for item in dowmload_links:
    urlretrieve(item,path+item[-10:])<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="2-网站分析"><a href="#2-网站分析" class="headerlink" title="2.网站分析"></a>2.网站分析</h4><h6 id="观察页面"><a href="#观察页面" class="headerlink" title="观察页面"></a>观察页面</h6><ul>
<li><p>每个页面都有一些封面图片，而且页面是规律的递增。</p>
</li>
<li><p>也就是爬取每个页面封面&lt;a&gt;标签的属性，然后进入每个a的属性链接，爬取页面的图片</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="获取页面单个图片封面的a标签href属性"><a href="#获取页面单个图片封面的a标签href属性" class="headerlink" title="获取页面单个图片封面的a标签href属性"></a>获取页面单个图片封面的a标签href属性</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import requests
from lxml import etree

headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36'
}

res = requests.get("https://www.mzitu.com/",headers = headers)
demo = etree.HTML(res.text)
element = demo.xpath('//*[@id="pins"]/li[1]/a/@href')
print(element)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210221003631.png"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>把<code>li[1]</code>改为<code>li</code>就获取了所有详细页面的地址</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>如果get的地址超过了，就会返回403。可以一次判断有多少个页面</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">url = "https://www.mzitu.com/228815/82"
import requests

res = requests.get(url)
print(res.status_code)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="防盗链接"><a href="#防盗链接" class="headerlink" title="防盗链接"></a>防盗链接</h6><p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210221012330.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>把我惊得一慌，我怎么说这网站没什么防盗机制，现在来了。想到自己之前用阿里云对象存储OSS，上面提供防盗链接服务，要是这样存的，估计突破不了。</li>
<li>参考博客：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/girliswater/p/11152942.html">https://www.cnblogs.com/girliswater/p/11152942.html</a></li>
<li>我带着一点希望还是去搜了搜，难道别人写的例子爬取不到真正的图片吗？结果看到了篇博客，请求头里面再加入一条信息就可以了（意料之外）</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
            "Referer": "https://www.mzitu.com/xinggan/"
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="单页面爬取单张图片测试成功"><a href="#单页面爬取单张图片测试成功" class="headerlink" title="单页面爬取单张图片测试成功"></a>单页面爬取单张图片测试成功</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import requests
from lxml import etree

headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
            "Referer": "https://www.mzitu.com/xinggan/"
}

res = requests.get("https://www.mzitu.com/228815/2",headers = headers)
element = etree.HTML(res.text)
image_url = element.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[3]/p/a/img/@src")
print(image_url)

res = requests.get("https://imgpc.iimzt.com/2020/04/24b02.jpg",headers = headers)
print(res.status_code)

f = open("/home/test.jpg",'wb+')
f.write(res.content)#二进制
f.close()<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="二、代码逻辑编写"><a href="#二、代码逻辑编写" class="headerlink" title="二、代码逻辑编写"></a>二、代码逻辑编写</h2><blockquote>
<p>静态网站，很好写爬虫。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>获取详细页面的图片是，res2掉了个2，导致获取图片都是一样的，以为有时什么反爬机制。</li>
<li>站内的地址，在浏览器中是不能访问的，需要下载下来。</li>
<li>xpath选择的属性，即使只有一个值返回的也是列表</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul>
<li>代码写好了，下载太慢了，要使用多线程。现学一波</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="1-多线程学习"><a href="#1-多线程学习" class="headerlink" title="1.多线程学习"></a>1.多线程学习</h4><ul>
<li>学习地址，官方文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.7/library/threading.html">https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.7/library/threading.html</a></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210223172306.png"></p>
<ul>
<li><p>还看了一下其他的博客，写得不怎么好，有的有点帮助，博客地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40244755/article/details/90043484">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40244755/article/details/90043484</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>target就是指定的函数名字，args就是给函数传入的参数</p>
<h6 id="示例代码"><a href="#示例代码" class="headerlink" title="示例代码"></a>示例代码</h6><blockquote>
<p>两个函数同时执行的，一共花了六秒程序执行完成，如果不用多线程要花12秒。这个完成是在第二行输出的，可见函数从入口进去了，后面的代码就继续执行。在函数的最后输出完成信息带提示这个线程执行完成了。知道这些就可以了，接下来硬核使用多线程。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">from threading import Thread
import time

def test_1(start,end):
    for i in range(start,end):
        print("当前爬取第%s页"%(i))
        time.sleep(2)
        
t1 = Thread(target=test_1,args=(0,3))
t2 = Thread(target=test_1,args=(3,6))
t1.start()
t2.start()
print("完成")<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210223172640.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>总喜欢在代码写好，运行报个小错误</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210223180649.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>使用for循环创建线程，报错列表下标溢出</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">if __name__=='__main__':
    
    for k in range(1,261,10):
        start=k
        end=k+10
        Thread(target=start_spider,args=(start,end)).start()

    print("线程创建完毕")<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="2-最终代码"><a href="#2-最终代码" class="headerlink" title="2.最终代码"></a>2.最终代码</h4><blockquote>
<p>写好了执行出了错误，最后以看，原来网站不能访问了。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>从零开始学Python网络爬虫，这本书上有多进程爬虫，使用方法好像和简单。</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import requests
from lxml import etree
import os


MAX_PAGES = 3   #一共260页
main_link = "https://www.mzitu.com/page/"

headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
            "Referer": "https://www.mzitu.com/xinggan/"
}
#从总页面获取每个详细页面
def get_page(currentPage):
    res = requests.get(currentPage,headers = headers)
    demo = etree.HTML(res.text)
    detail_url = demo.xpath('//*[@id="pins"]/li/a/@href')
    detail_name = demo.xpath('//*[@id="pins"]/li/span/a/text()')
    # 获取到的名字和地址都是列表类型，打包为字典类型
    detail  = dict(zip(detail_name,detail_url))
    for key,value in detail.items():
        get_detail(key,value)

#从详细页面获取每一张图片的地址
def get_detail(name,url):

    res = requests.get(url,headers = headers)
    demo = etree.HTML(res.text)
    allCounts = demo.xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/a[5]/span/text()')
    allCounts = int(allCounts[0])
    
    
    for i in range(1,allCounts+1):
        path = url+'/'+str(i)
        res2 = requests.get(path,headers = headers)
        demo2 = etree.HTML(res2.text)
        oneIMG = demo2.xpath('//img[@class="blur"]/@src')
        download_img(name,oneIMG[0],i)
    
def download_img(name,url,count):
    if not os.path.exists("/home/mzitu/%s"%(name)):
        os.mkdir("/home/mzitu/%s"%(name))
    res = requests.get(url,headers = headers)
    f = open('/home/mzitu/%s/%s.jpg'%(name,count),'wb+')
    f.write(res.content)
    f.close()
    
    
def start_spider(start,end):
    url = "https://www.mzitu.com/page/"
    for i in range(start,end):
        print("------------线程%s--%s开始爬取页面%s-------------"%(start,end,i))
        currentURL = url+str(i)
        get_page(currentURL)
    print("------------线程%s--%s结束-------------"%(start,end))
    

if __name__=='__main__':
    start_spider(1,21)
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210225180920.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210225181225.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/20210225181253.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>每页24个，数量是对的。之前些的try语句还是有用的</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">------------线程1--3开始爬取页面1-------------
------------线程1--3开始爬取页面2-------------
['https://imgpc.iimzt.com/2020/03/16a92.jpg']
https://www.mzitu.com/225193/92
['https://imgpc.iimzt.com/2020/02/22a46.jpg']
https://www.mzitu.com/223382/46
------------线程1--3结束-------------<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>现在试一下多线程</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3-本地代理"><a href="#3-本地代理" class="headerlink" title="3.本地代理"></a>3.本地代理</h4><blockquote>
<p>我等着网站开放使用多线程，结果网站迟迟没有开放，后来发现通过翻墙可以访问，然后探索代码中使用本地代理。</p>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="代理"><a href="#代理" class="headerlink" title="代理"></a>代理</h6><ul>
<li>为了使用代理，我尝试了很多方法，具体的卸载自己的<strong>学习日记</strong>里，最终成功了。</li>
<li>代理参考博客：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43193386/article/details/108011163">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43193386/article/details/108011163</a></li>
</ul>
<h6 id="多线程"><a href="#多线程" class="headerlink" title="多线程"></a>多线程</h6><ul>
<li>之前使用多线程，跑着就挂了，因为网站关闭了。</li>
<li>现在使用代理，跑的时间长了，然后挂掉了，具体的使网络原因。</li>
<li>再想想，使用多线程下载出错了不好，确认<strong>下载的完整性</strong>。</li>
<li>现在看来使用多线程没有必要了，因为使用代理，因为网络原因下载和请求耗时，多线程了都需要网络资源，结果还是畅通不起来</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="注册kuli"><a href="#注册kuli" class="headerlink" title="注册kuli"></a>注册kuli</h6><ul>
<li>再注册个kuli账号，使用免费的2天vip</li>
<li>发现也没快什么，下载速度真的慢，我还想过吧下载地址先保存再csc文件中</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="4-最终代码（添加代理）"><a href="#4-最终代码（添加代理）" class="headerlink" title="4.最终代码（添加代理）"></a>4.最终代码（添加代理）</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import requests
from lxml import etree
import os
import csv

MAX_PAGES = 3   #一共260页
main_link = "https://www.mzitu.com/page/"

headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
            "Referer": "https://www.mzitu.com"
}

proxies = {
    "http":"http://127.0.0.1:1081",
    "https":"http://127.0.0.1:1081"
}
#从总页面获取每个详细页面
def get_page(currentPage):
    try:
        res = requests.get(currentPage,headers = headers,proxies=proxies)
        demo = etree.HTML(res.text)
        detail_url = demo.xpath('//*[@id="pins"]/li/a/@href')
        detail_name = demo.xpath('//*[@id="pins"]/li/span/a/text()')
    # 获取到的名字和地址都是列表类型，打包为字典类型
        detail  = dict(zip(detail_name,detail_url))
        for key,value in detail.items():
            get_detail(key,value)
    except:
        print("网络问题，详细集合界面出错:%s"%(currentPage))

#从详细页面获取每一张图片的地址
def get_detail(name,url):
    res = requests.get(url,headers = headers,proxies=proxies)
    demo = etree.HTML(res.text)
    allCounts = demo.xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/a[5]/span/text()')
    allCounts = int(allCounts[0])
    
    
    for i in range(1,allCounts+1):
        path = url+'/'+str(i)
        try:
            res2 = requests.get(path,headers = headers,proxies=proxies)
            demo2 = etree.HTML(res2.text)
            oneIMG = demo2.xpath('//img[@class="blur"]/@src')
            download_img(name,oneIMG[0],i)
        except:
            print(path)
            print(oneIMG)

    
def download_img(name,url,count):
    if not os.path.exists("./mzitu/%s"%(name)):
        os.mkdir("./mzitu/%s"%(name))
    res = requests.get(url,headers = headers,proxies=proxies)
    f = open('./mzitu/%s/%s.jpg'%(name,count),'wb+')
    f.write(res.content)
    f.close()
    
    
def start_spider(start,end):
    url = "https://www.mzitu.com/page/"
    for i in range(start,end):
        print("------------线程%s--%s开始爬取页面%s-------------"%(start,end,i))
        currentURL = url+str(i)
        get_page(currentURL)
    print("------------线程%s--%s结束-------------"%(start,end))
    

if __name__=='__main__':
    start_spider(1,2)
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="三、总结"><a href="#三、总结" class="headerlink" title="三、总结"></a>三、总结</h2><ul>
<li>其实这个博客看起来不是很详细，详细的是代码，可以从代码中学习。感觉这次代码写得还是比较清晰明了，算是函数式编程吧，但也有些不足，因为逻辑关系速度不是很快，可以优化的。</li>
<li>但最后发现是网速原因，也就没去优化什么的了，代理下载实在是太慢了，也没什么必要全部下载下来（要是有个快点的代理就好了）</li>
<li>这次项目<strong>新学到的是使用代理</strong>，其他的得到了联系，下次写代码的时候先要考虑一下性能，至于自己下载不下载得完所有，待补充吧</li>
<li><strong>结果：</strong>待补充</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="后来："><a href="#后来：" class="headerlink" title="后来："></a>后来：</h4><ul>
<li>我擦，<strong>原来是封锁ip</strong>，我使用代理的几个节点都不能访问，等了一天。网上用手机访问是成功的，电脑一直访问不了，开热点个电脑，结果可以访问。</li>
<li>那么要写延时，还有换ip，<strong>硬核换IP的方法，插拔路由器</strong>，因为是<strong>拨号上网</strong>，这样重新连接就会更换iip了。</li>
<li>我擦，这个方法不行，我重新拨号上网还是这个IP，之前每次这样搞一下就换ip了的，为此我还想办法怎么获取IP呢，现在却一个都不行，还是连手机热点用流量吧。</li>
<li>又我擦，用流量多的在学习办的卡访问不了，大王卡访问得了。</li>
<li>我吧，我不行ip封锁，也觉得下载速度快，开了三个脚本了，结果不那么畅通了，又一些网页爬取不到，然后浏览器访问，访问不了。</li>
<li>我发现了个，发现了个免费的ip代理网站：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.66ip.cn/index.html">http://www.66ip.cn/index.html</a></li>
<li>现在在云服务器上面执行代码，是成功的，这次不要执行几个代码了，应该没问题了。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="最后的最后："><a href="#最后的最后：" class="headerlink" title="最后的最后："></a>最后的最后：</h4><ul>
<li>那天晚上，我在ubuntu服务器上跑代码成功，但是服务器就一天到期了，而且我在上面安装npc，始终连接补上服务端。然后就去window的虚拟机，远程桌面连接，在上面跑得也没有问题。</li>
<li>第二天早上醒来，我查看结果，ubuntu上面的正常，一直爬取到第39集合页面。而window上面的跑到第10集合页面就挂了，不是代码问题。</li>
<li>我还尝试在windows的虚拟机上用nps端口转发到22端口，结果FileZilla连接不上，那么端口文件下载下来了，用1MB/s的带宽传输就有问题。而且这个尝试让我放弃了之前准备转义到阿里云Ecs的想法，不仅麻烦，而且有可能不成功。</li>
<li>早上，我电脑访问页面成功，那么应该是解封了，这次吸取了教训，只跑一个脚本。唉！之前要是不使用多线程，只跑一个脚本，<strong>到现在这个网站应该爬取得差不多了</strong>。</li>
<li>现在，就在旧电脑上的jupyterlab上面执行代码，很顺利，只是只能跑一个脚本，应该可以把整个网站爬取下来。现在真的结束了。</li>
</ul>

                
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